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PREFACE:
Self-driving and electric on-demand taxis and shuttle buses are widely considered as the optimal means of future urban transport. They seem to provide solutions for the most pressing current issues in the mobility sector, such as road fatalities, climate change, and pollution, as well as land use for transport. While those vehicles arefirst being tested in controlled environments around the world today, they may rapidly reach maturity due to the disruptive character of the underlying innovations:
According to the roadmaps of the European Technology Platforms in the automotive domain, advancements in smart sensors, control and communication systems will enable the implementation of high-degree connected and automated driving (i.e., SAE levels 3 and above) on the motorway and in urban environments in the 2020-25 time frame. This coincides with the projected begin of a broad market introduction of electric vehicles: Due to fast progress in battery and powertrain systems’performance in combination with economies of scale, an up to ten percent market share of such vehicles has been predicted for 2020, quickly rising to 40 percent by 2025.
The two technicalfields of automation and electrification are highly interlinked due to similarities in (a) the electronics and data architecture of control, (b) the cooperation in energy matters, and (c) the systemic character of the operating environment. In an ideal world, a self-driving car, e.g., would no longer require any passive safety systems, as it would be safe per se. Consequently, such vehicle would be much lighter and, if electrified, could be much more energy efficient, thus providing a longer driving range.
It should be noted, however, that due to its higher level of convenience, a self-driving car may be used more intensively. This and the increase in computing power and sensor equipment could lead to the reverse effect of using more energy, counteracting the advantages of electric vehicles in terms of energy savings and climate protection. A joint study by a number of National Laboratories in the USA recently found that these two opposite effects counterbalance each other: While the energy consumption per km may decline by a factor of 1/3, the overall energy consumption may increase by a factor of three.
True synergies of electric, connected, and automated driving may be unlocked in combination with shared mobility, though. Car sharing as a systemic mobility service offer would reduce the total cost of ownership of automated and electric vehicles, facilitate the management of battery charging, and reduce the number of parked cars. And ride-sharing, provided, e.g., by self-driving and electric on-demand shuttles, would in addition be highly cost-efficient and customer-oriented, and it could potentially reduce the overall number of cars on the streets.
The exploitation of such synergies may accelerate innovation at both enabling technologies and applications levels, which would be essential for fully realizing the benefits of connected, automated, and electrified vehicles.
The International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA) has been covering the progress in connected, automated, and electrified vehicles and the enabling technologies for many years. In view of the above-mentioned considerations, the topic of the 22nd edition of AMAA, held at Berlin on September 11–12, 2018, was“Smart Systems for Clean, Safe and Shared Road Vehicles.
”The 2018 AMAA conference also marked the transition from a previous to a new Coordination and Support Action for its support, namely from “Safe and Connected Automation in Road Transport” (SCOUT) of the connectedautomateddriving.eu initiative to“Coherent Support for Mobility.E Strategy” (COSMOS) of the ECSEL Joint Undertaking. The AMAA organizers, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH together with the European Technology Platform on Smart Systems Integration (EPoSS), greatly acknowledge this continuous funding of their efforts by the European Union.
The chapters of this volume of the Lecture Notes in Mobility book series by Springer have been authored by engineers and researchers who attended the AMAA 2018 conference to report on their recent research and innovation activities. The papers presented had been selected by the members of the AMAA Steering Committee and are also available through academic libraries worldwide. In our roles as the organizers and the chairman of the AMAA 2018, we would like to express our great acknowledgment to all the authors for their excellent contributions to the conference and also to this book.
We would also like to appreciate the tremendous support that we have received from our colleagues at VDI/VDE-IT, particularly from Ms. Monika Curto Fuentes of the AMAA office.
